A simple sketch for half shaded pyranometer is shown in figure. When the shaded part is removed, all the radiation ( direct + diffuse), that is, global fall on it. Inner part of the band is coated with black to remove the multiple reflection. The sensor kept inside the instrument convert radiant energy into heat energy and instrument is able to measure the radiant flux. When shade is placed, the direct radiation coming from sun will be blocked and only diffuse part of the radiation will fall on the instrument. Thus diffuse part of radiation can be measured by it.
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